>> slide image left >> 18 kilometres south of the Canadian border, 108 kilometres east of Vancouver, Canada, 3,286~3,288 m (10,786 ft) Mount Baker (Kulshan) Stratovolcano is where the westward moving North America Tectonic Plate, collides with the Juan de Fuca Tectonic Plate. It is active. The United States Geologic Survey rates it a VERY HIGH RISK. If the wind is from the east, the tephra will fall on Vancouver, Canada in about an hour.
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Mount Baker, also known as Koma Kulshan or simply Kulshan, is a
10,781 ft active glacier-covered andesitic stratovolcano in the Cascade Volcanic Arc
Mount Baker visually dominates the volcanic field today, but rocks from earlier volcanoes make up most of its foundation. Eruptions that formed Mount Baker account for no more than 10% of the eruptive volume of the entire volcanic field.
Mount Baker itself edifice consists mostly of lava flows (as many as 200), and scattered evidence indicates that some of its products were broken up and carried away by glaciers. It is likely that eruptive activity began around 140 ka [ka =
ThousandYearsAgo]
at Mount Baker, which was likely followed by a time gap until a major interval of cone growth started about 30-40 ka. Most of the upper cone is younger than approximately 20 ka, and its last period of major activity occurred at the close of the most recent glacial period, approximately 12 ka. Only a single eruption involving magma has been documented for the Holocene – an outburst of andesitic ash at approximately 6.7 ka.
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Mount Baker's Carmelo Crater at the summit is breached by Roosevelt Glacier, view to the southeast, Washington.
There are two craters on Mount Baker. Carmelo Crater, at the summit, is 400 m (1300 ft) wide and breached to the north by the uppermost part of Roosevelt Glacier. At least 84 m (275 ft) fill this summit crater. Sherman Crater is on the southern slope of Mount Baker and is located 400 m (1300 ft) lower than, and 800 m (2600 ft) south of the summit. Most hydrothermal activity at Mount Baker is concentrated within Sherman Crater; although the smaller Dorr Fumarole Field exists about 2 km (1.2 mi) north of the summit. Numerous fumaroles on Sherman Crater's walls and floor, produces sulfur-rich vapor, which is always present, but during cold and windless days the plume often condense to form a dramatic steam plume above the volcano. No summit-erupted material drapes into Sherman Crater, indicating that the crater's formation occurred after the last summit activity.
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