Dorr fumaroles Mount Baker's summit

Dorr fumaroles 2375 m (7800 ft) elevation at the base of the Cockscomb, the rocky, rugged northeast ridge of Mount Baker dividing the Park and Rainbow Glaciers (also see the map on the ‘About MBVRC’ page).  Mount Baker's summit
North East

Mapping fumaroles at Baker's Dorr Fumarole Field. Figure 1. ... A fumarole field is an area with volcanic steam vents. Other than the numerous steam vents in Sherman Crater south of Mount Baker's summit, the Dorr fumaroles are the only known center of fumarolic activity on Mount Baker.

Dorr Fumarole Field Trip - Mount Baker Volcano Research Center

www.mbvrc.wwu.edu/news/dorrtrip.html

Baker’s Dorr Fumarole Field Overlooking Wahlachean Lake

The following report and photos were provided to MBVRC by Dr. Jeff Witter, Vancouver, B.C. Jeff studies gas emissions at active volcanoes. He heads up the International Volcano Monitoring Fund, a non-profit organization that seeks to assist third world volcano monitoring programs.

Visit the website: http://ivm-fund.org

Figure 1. The Dorr Fumarole Field is located high on the NE flank of Mount Baker and is much smaller than the main area of steam vent activity at Sherman Crater.

“Mapping fumaroles at Baker’s Dorr Fumarole Field

On July 25 – 27, 2009, Jeff Witter and Ryan Wilson crossed steep ice slopes and glaciers to map the little-known Dorr fumarole field. These fumaroles are at ca 7800 ft (2375 m) elevation at the base of the Cockscomb, the rocky, rugged northeast ridge of Mount Baker dividing the Park and Rainbow Glaciers (also see the map on the ‘About MBVRC’ page).

Their goal was to make a map of the extent and geologic characteristics of the fumarole field as well as to assess current fumarolic activity for comparison with previous reports. A fumarole field is an area with volcanic steam vents. Other than the numerous steam vents inSherman Crater south of Mount Baker’s summit, the Dorr fumaroles are the only known center of fumarolic activity on Mount Baker. Access to the Dorr fumarole field is not easy and requires a rope, an ice ax, and glacier travel experience. An overnight camp on Ptarmigan Ridge is required if any time is spent working at the fumaroles.At Dorr, the steam vent activity has converted the nearby rocks into clay and other minerals in a process called hydrothermal alteration, the result of sulphur-rich gas emitted by the fumaroles.

Jeff and Ryan’s mapping revealed that the Dorr fumarole field is a ~400 m long x ~100 m wide N-S trending zone consisting of various types of hydrothermally altered ground; this is relatively small compared to other fumarole fields. The central and southern portions of the fumarole field are punctuated by numerous steam vents with the most vigorous steaming activity concentrated in the south.

During the July 2009 visit, no less than 12 individual steam vents were mapped. Several more steam vents were observed but not mapped in the southernmost sector of the fumarole field and on a rubbly slope beneath an ice cliff considered too hazardous to approach. The maximum temperature measured in the Dorr steam vents was 90 ºC, which is equivalent to the boiling point of water at that elevation, and comparable to most vents in Sherman Crater.

Steam emissions at the mapped vents were generally weak and wispy, easily dissipated by a light breeze. Observations at the Dorr fumarole field in July 2009 are in marked contrast to previous observations. In August 1990, Dave Tucker reported “hundreds” of thumb-sized steam vents scattered about the fumarole field. These qualitative observations suggest that activity at the Dorr fumaroles has decreased since 1990, consistent with studies concluding that the overall activity at Mount Baker volcano has been decreasing since the “failed eruption” of 1975 (e.g. Werner and others, 2009. See MBVRC References webpage.)

The team from the IVM-Fund plan to return to the Dorr fumaroles next summer to make quantitative measurements of the steam emissions to serve as baseline values for comparison with future measurements. A USGS-sponsored team also plans to visit the fumaroles in summer 2010 to collect gas samples for the first-ever chemical analyses of Dorr fumaroles gases.”

What would happen if Mount Baker erupted?

Of course, nothing is mentioned here about the impact north of the Canadian border, 18 kilometres to the north; nor risk, in particular, on the Wahleach Hydro Project.
https://youtu.be/o_-xbEJcjG8   [1:30 minutes]

Wahleach Falls Generating Station

Built: 1952

Generating capacity: 65 MW

Bellingham Herald
Published on May 8, 2018

With renewed interest following the eruption of Hawaii's Kilauea volcano, geologists say the biggest threat from Pacific Northwest volcanoes like Mount Baker is not lava, but mud and debris flows.

[This Webb Editor continues comments:  better comparisons should be made along the Cascadia Volcanic Arc; in particular Mt. Meager Mastif  has seen ongoing activity.]

November Dawn Over Kulshan Stratovolcano© / Mount Baker Stratovolcano©

https://youtu.be/2NZoXwM67z0 [0:32 seconds]

Others:  Images for November Dawn Over Mount Baker ...

Kulshan has erupted numerous times in (Lummi: Qwú’mə Kwəlshéːn; Nooksack: Kw’eq Smaenit or Kwelshán), also known as Koma Kulshan or simply Kulshan, Sto:Lo Koma Kulshan or simply Kulshan?, has erupted 13 times in recorded history. Its last eruption was in 1880.

Baker | Volcano World | Oregon State University   [volcano.oregonstate.edu/baker]

Mt. Baker is an isolated stratovolcano in northern Washington. It is the northernmost of the Cascade volcanoes in the United States. Most of the summit of the volcano is covered by glaciers. Because of this, some First Nations gave Mt. Baker a name meaning "White Steep Mountain."; Sto:lo "Father", with Mount Cheam being mother. 

Image: Easton Glacier
near the summit.

Kulshan Stratovolcano© / Mount Baker Stratovolcano© has been very active over the last 10,000 years. Over that time it has had one pyroclastic

flow, at least four small tephra eruptions, at least two lava flows and at least eight mud flows. Mud flows remain the largest hazard on Kulshan Stratovolcano© / Mount Baker Stratovolcano©. Kulshan / Mt. Baker erupted in 1843. This eruption resulted in the deaths of many fish in the Baker River, a large forest fire, and the dropping of volcanic ash. The release of steam occurred at Mt. Baker in 1975-6, but no eruption followed this event. One of the most recent formations on Baker is a ~760 m (~2500 ft) wide, ~100m (~330ft) high cinder cone and its ~11 km (~7 mile) long lava flow at Schreibers Meadow.

Sources of Information:
Wood, Charles A. and Kienle, Jurgen, "Volcanoes of North America: United States and Canada," Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1990, 354 pp.

Videos: Planetedge >> View full Volcano Playlist (136 videos)

Lahar / Debris Flow Potential from 3,286 m (10,781 ft), Kulshan Stratovolcano© / Mount Baker Stratovolcano© - 13 July '11: Mer de Glace Debris Flow

This might be what a lahar / debris flow  coming down from the glaciated ice sheet on top of 3,286 m (10,781 ft) Mount Baker Stratovolcano.  It would likely look like:

13 July '11: Mer de Glace Debris Flow

https://youtu.be/SK0ZtaDPzZw [9:00 minutes]

Bruce Reeves

Published on Jul 31, 2011

The two summits are located on the west ridge of the Aiguille Verte (4,122 m) and are connected to each other by the Brèche du Dru(3,697 m). The north face of the Petit Dru is considered one of the six great north faces of the Alps.

:

Debris Flow above Mer de Glace Glacer, below Les Drus peak, near Chamonix, France, shot from about 500 yards away. Significantly condensed; debris flow continued for over 45 minutes.  [Wikipedia: TThe mountain's highest summit is Aiguille du Dru (also the Dru or the Drus; French, Les Drus) is a mountain in the Mont Blanc massif in the French Alps. It is situated to the east of the village of Les Praz in the Chamonix valley. "Aiguille" means "needle" in French.

• Grande Aiguille du Dru (or the Grand Dru) 3,754 m

Another, slightly lower sub-summit is:

• Petite Aiguille du Dru (or the Petit Dru) 3,733 m.

The southwest "Bonatti" pillar and its eponymous climbing route were destroyed in a 2005 rock fall.^[2][3]

At 3,286 m (10,781 ft), Mount Baker Stratovolcano is the third-highest mountain in Washington and the fifth-highest in the Cascade Range, if Little Tahoma Peak, a sub-peak of Mount Rainier, and Shastina, a sub-peak of Mount Shasta, are not counted.

Lessons from Popmpii - The Worst Part Of Pompeii's Destruction Isn't What You Think

https://youtu.be/rduUDoy3dY  [11:16 minutes]
 
#Pompeii
#MountVesuvius
by:  Grunge

Published on Apr 10, 2019

You might be forgiven for thinking that the most disturbing part of the eruption
of Mount Vesuvius in 79 A.D. was the sheer suddenness of Pompeii’s
destruction. But while the town’s destruction was unspeakably
tragic, the speed at which it happened wasn’t nearly the worst
thing about it. Two festivals happening in the town at the same time
meant the tragedy at Pompeii ended up so much worse than it should
have been. According to the book Pompeii: An Archaeological Guide,
the Pompeians were in the middle of a multi-day celebration in honor
of the emperor Augustus. Known today as the first emperor of the
Roman Empire, Augustus had passed 65 years earlier and had just been
made a god — as well as having the month of August named after him.
Pompeii’s streets were filled with public celebrations including
street musicians, fortune tellers, plays, and athletic events. Many
of those performers and athletes came from outside Pompeii to take
part in the event, as did the visitors and tourists who came to see
them. We can't know exactly how many extra people were in the town at
the time of its destruction, but it is certainly a lot more lives
were lost than might have happened if the eruption had happened a
month later. Even worse, the day before the eruption was Vulcanalia,
the festival of the god Vulcan — otherwise known as the god of fire
and volcanoes. It wasn't so much that the people of Pompeii didn't
get a warning that Mount Vesuvius was going to erupt, because there
definitely would have been smoke, small earthquakes, and loud
rumblings at the very least. It was more that, because of Vulcanalia,
they would have interpreted these signs as good omens from the god
rather than warnings to get out of Dodge. As far as the townspeople
cared, these warnings were simply signs that Vulcan was busy at his
forge inside Mount Vesuvius, perfectly happy that everyone was
celebrating his special day. Watch the video to lean why the worst
part of Pompeii's destruction isn't what you think. #Pompeii
#MountVesuvius
Unheeded | 0:16
Weird weather | 1:47
Frozen in time | 3:05
Screaming death | 4:33
Beyond Pompeii | 5:49
Defiled | 6:57
Neglect | 8:18
The future | 9:40

Links for Cascadia; let's try to link some of this together©

Lead Author: Stan G. Webb - In Retirement^©

https://stangwebb.blogspot.com/

1. New Cascadia Dawn© - Cascadia Rising - M9+ to M10+, An Intelligent Man's Guide^©

   https://cascadiamegaquake.blogspot.com/
2. Cascadia Volcanoes© https://cascadiavolcanoes.blogspot.com/
3. Mount Baker Stratovolcano^© https://mountbakerstratovolcano.blogspot.com/
4. Cascadia Kids^© https://cascadiamegaquaketrainingforkids.blogspot.com/
5. Cascadia Resilience and Robust Survival, An Intelligent Man's Guide© https://cascadiaresilienceandsurvival.blogspot.com/

Respiratory Illness, An Intelligent Man's Guide^©

https://respiratorillness.blogspot.com/

14th Streeters^© https://14thstreeters.blogspot.com/

Granny Darkly ^{® © TM} https://grannydarkly.blogspot.com/

Uncle Stan's Love Of Nature^© https://unclestansloveofnature.blogspot.com/

Uncle Stan's Favourite Music^© https://unclestansfavouritemusic.blogspot.com/